| | AUGUST 20188CIOReviewSince the dawn of civilization, there was law and order to establish such great civilizations. There were people who respected the laws, people who bent the laws, and others who just plainly broke it. In ancient societies, there was no official law enforcement function and very little, if any, attempts at organization. Instead, individuals, families, and clans took it upon themselves to take revenge against those who may have injured or offended them, till the days of Hammurabi's code in 1754 BC. The closest function to modern policing was probably attributed to the military forces of those kingdoms and cultures. In the days of the Roman empire, it was a common scene of the centurions patrolling the markets and common areas. Their presence most of the time insured that laws were obeyed. In the middle ages, a form of community policing was established, and as an example of that is something called the Frankpledge in England. It was a compulsory system to share responsibility to protect the community. Any one over the age of 12 would have to serve under that system; a group of 9 under the leadership of an older man would patrol the community and keep things safe. Th first attempt of establishing a centralized professional police force is said to be made in the 1820's by Sir Robert Peel in London. In the United States, a watch system was established and its sole purpose was to warn the community against any impeding danger. The night and day watch were composed of volunteers who were sometimes not effective since they slept or drank on duty. STEPPING INTO CYBERSPACE; HOW THE LAW ENFORCEMENT'S PARADIGM IS SHIFTING By Usama Georges, CIO, San Diego County District Attorney's OfficeIn 1838, the city of Boston established the first American police force, then after that followed by other major cities. Criminals thrive mostly in places where people do business or entertain themselves and relax. They rely mostly on the distractions that keep us from paying attention to any abnormal activity, leaving us vulnerable to such attacks. Today, things are a lot more complicated than ever! Conventional crime, as we know it, is changing.With the advancement of technology, a lot of business happens online now a day. So, criminals shifted their attacks to less dangerous and less obvious methods and started preying on people in that cyber space. The use of technology is not restricted to law abiding citizens only. They are also extended to others who decided to use it from the comfort of their homes/hideouts and behind untraceable computers to launch such criminal activities. There were very few laws and regulations to govern the security of users in cyberspace. It is estimated that the global loss from such attacks will exceed $53 Billion globally. The "WannaCry"
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